Since everything must obey Heisenberg's uncertainty principles, every observable phenomenon is based on the fundamental uncertainties that shape the different properties or categories in which the observer can physically understand the world. Spin, charge, mass, length, volume, density, time, etc., are simply different categories into which we can classify the inherent uncertainty of phenomena within our spacetime frame of reference.

Thus, by satisfying Planck quantization, all physically observable phenomena take on some non-zero value in the fundamental physical categories that constitute the observer's idea of existence.

This means that all physical phenomena must have non-zero length, explaining why electrons are essentially currents rather than point particles. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle also explains why electrons have spin: to some extent, we are uncertain on how they fit into our definition of angular momentum, which is reflected as an uncertainty in their magnetic moment, which can be understood as what gives them charge. Thus the concept of electrons' fundamental charge is derived from the uncertainties we experience with respect to the concepts of spin and angular momentum, and the same is true for all other particles.

Ultimately, all fundamental properties of particles derive from the Uncertainty Principle, and how the fundamental interactions that underpin their physical existence are represented as knowns or unknowns in the different categories into which we can subdivide our frames of reference.

In order to be perceived, phenomena must have an inherent degree of uncertainty resulting from the impossibility of the observer to perceive the interactions that sustain their very existence, and representing this uncertainty in different ways following recipes that shape different properties in our reference frame gives rise to the different families of particles that we can observe.

Spin numbers, particle families, masses, charges, etc. arise from how the degrees of freedom that are known or unknown by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle make each particle a distinct entity by the way the values ​​it exhibits in our reference frame (which ultimately arise from uncertainties at the Planck scale) fit with the combinations of basic spacetime concepts we evaluate of it.

There is a link between the hierarchies and values ​​that we observe, and the spatial and temporal relations and uncertainties that phenomena must satisfy in order to be observable in our reference frame.